Fasaha ta bango:
Babban ƙarfi fastenersbukatar quenching da tempering jiyya bisa ga fasaha bukatun.Zafin magani quenching da temperingshi ne don inganta m inji Properties na fasteners saduwa da takamaiman tensile ƙarfi da yawan amfanin ƙasa na kayayyakin. Tsarin kula da zafi yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan ingancin ciki na kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, musamman ma ingancin su. A lokacin quenching da tempering tsarin kula da zafi, wasu iskar gas yawanci ana shigo da su daga wajen tanderun. Gas mai oxidizing zai amsa tare da kulle, haifar da decarburization a saman aron. Saboda daban-daban surface da na ciki Tsarin, yana da daban-daban fadada coefficients. A lokacin quenching, saman saman na iya faruwa, rage ingancin samfur. Tsarin maganin zafi na gargajiya ya haɗa da sanya kusoshi kai tsaye a cikin tanderun da ke kashe wuta don quenching mai zafi. A lokacin aikin kashewa da zafin jiki, matsaloli kamar rashin isassun taurin jiki a cikin yanayin da aka kashe, rashin daidaituwar tauri a cikin yanayin da aka kashe, nakasar da ta wuce kima, da quenching fashe suna iya faruwa. Dangane da wannan, ya zama dole a inganta tsarin maganin zafi na gargajiya.
Abubuwan aiwatarwa na fasaha:
Don magance gazawar fasahar data kasance, makasudin ƙirƙira na yanzu shine samar da tsarin kula da zafi don kusoshi tare da mafi kyawun sakamako na kashewa, ingantaccen ingancin samfur, da tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfur.
Domin cimma maƙasudan da ke sama, abin da aka ƙirƙira ya ɗauki wannan hanyar fasaha mai zuwa:
Tsarin maganin zafi na kusoshi ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
S1. Dephosphorization;
S2. Kafin jiyya: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya kafin a yi zafi kuma a ci gaba da saka iskar nitrogen mai zafi a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya. Bayan preheating na tsawon sa'o'i 2.5 zuwa 3, cire shi kuma sanya shi a cikin tanderun lantarki don maganin carburization;
S3. Quenching: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun da ke kashewa kuma a ci gaba da yin allurar nitrogen a cikin tanderun da ke kashewa. Bayan allurar nitrogen na minti 30-40, sannu a hankali tada zazzabi na tanderun mai kashewa zuwa 460-500 ℃ kuma kula da shi na mintuna 15-20 kafin a ci gaba da matakin farko na quenching magani; Sannu a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na quenching tanderun zuwa 550 ~ 700 ℃ da kuma kula da shi na 20 ~ 35 minutes kafin a ci gaba da mataki na biyu na quenching magani; A hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na tanderun wuta zuwa 750-850 ℃ kuma kula da shi na mintuna 30-45 kafin a ci gaba da mataki na uku na quenching magani;
S4. Mai sanyaya mai: Cire samfurin da aka kashe kuma sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na farko don sanyaya mai, yana motsawa kowane minti 15 da kiyaye shi na minti 20-30; Bayan cirewa, sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na biyu don sanyaya mai, motsawa kowane minti 15 har sai samfurin ya faɗi zuwa 100 ℃;
S5. Cire mai: Cire samfurin da aka sanyaya kuma bar shi ya tsaya tsawon mintuna 35-45, sannan a busa man da ke kashewa a saman samfurin ta iska mai sanyi;
S6. Tempering: Saka degreased samfurin a cikin wani tempering tanderun for tempering jiyya, daidaita tempering zafin jiki zuwa 110 ~ 180 ℃, da tempering lokaci zuwa 1.5 ~ 3 hours. Yi matakin farko na maganin zafin jiki; Ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 370-410 ℃ da fushi don 3-6 hours kafin a ci gaba da mataki na biyu na maganin zafin jiki; Bayan maganin zafin jiki, iska ta kwantar da samfurin zuwa zafin jiki.
Zai fi dacewa, a cikin mataki na s1 a sama, maganin tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa ta hanyar taro: 20-36 sassa na butyl acetate, 10-13 sassa na polyglycolic acid, 16-20 sassa na aminoacetic acid, 13-22 sassa na ethyl acrylate, 5-9 sassa na oleic acid triethanolamine ethanolamine, 6 da gishiri, na ruwa, wanda zai iya kawar da tabon mai a saman samfurin yadda ya kamata kuma ya guje wa rinjayar tasirin quenching.
Mafi dacewa, tankin dephosphorization da aka ambata yana sanye da maganin dephosphorization, wanda ke zaɓar maganin potassium hydroxide tare da ƙaddamarwa na 2.2-6.5g / l ko sodium hydroxide bayani tare da maida hankali na 2.8-6.9g / l.
Zai fi dacewa, a cikin mataki na s2 da aka ambata, iskar nitrogen mai zafi da aka gabatar a cikin tanderun da aka riga aka yi zafi shine iskar nitrogen a cikin tanderun da ke kashewa a mataki na s3, tare da saurin gudu na 2.5-3.5l/h. Ta hanyar dumama samfurin, maganin tsaftacewa a saman sa na iya bushewa kuma yawan zafin jiki a cikin tanderun da ke kashewa zai iya guje wa shafar ingancin samfur.
Bugu da ari zai fi dacewa, a mataki na s3 a sama, yawan adadin nitrogen shine 4-5l / h, wanda zai iya cire iska daga preheating tanderu, kauce wa halayen iskar shaka tsakanin oxygen da samfurin, da kuma guje wa decarburization, wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar na'urorin da aka haɗa da kuma rage rayuwar sabis na samfurin.
Musamman, a mataki s3 a sama, da dumama kudi na quenching tanderu a lokacin dumama lokaci zuwa 460-500 ℃ ne 30-40 ℃ / min, da dumama kudi a lokacin dumama lokaci zuwa 550-700 ℃ ne 50-60 ℃ / min, da kuma dumama kudi a lokacin dumama lokaci - 0 - 750 0 - 8. ℃/min. Jiyya na kashe dumama mataki na iya haɓaka tasirin quenching na samfur da haɓaka ingancin samfurin.
Zai fi dacewa, a mataki na s4, yawan zafin jiki na man fetur a cikin tankin mai na farko shine 250-300 ℃, kuma yawan zafin jiki na man fetur a cikin tankin mai na biyu shine 50-70 ℃.
Zai fi dacewa, a mataki s5 a sama, zafin iska mai sanyi shine 30-35 ℃, kuma saurin iska shine 20-25m/s.
Abubuwan da ke cikin abin da aka ƙirƙira na yanzu shine cewa tsarin kula da zafi na kusoshi yana da sauƙi, mai sauƙin aiki, kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau. Ta hanyar preheating samfurin, za a iya bushe bayani mai tsaftacewa a samansa, kuma yawan zafin jiki na kwatsam a cikin tanderun da aka kashe zai iya kauce wa rinjayar ingancin samfurin; Babban zafin jiki na nitrogen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya ya fito ne daga tanderun wuta, yana kawar da na'urar dumama a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya, wanda zai iya adana makamashi da kuma rage farashin samarwa; Injecting nitrogen a cikin preheating da quenching tanderu na iya cire iska a ciki, guje wa halayen iskar shaka tsakanin oxygen da samfurin, don haka guje wa decarburization da haifar da gazawar na'urorin da aka haɗa, da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfurin; Jiyya na kashe dumama mataki na iya inganta tasirin quenching na samfurin kuma inganta ingancinsa; Maganin sanyaya mai da aka tsara zai iya sanyaya samfuran zafin jiki yadda ya kamata ba tare da lalata ingancinsu ba.
Takamammen hanyar aiwatarwa
Mai zuwa ƙayyadaddun gabatarwa ce ga abin da aka ƙirƙira na yanzu tare da ƙayyadaddun abubuwa.
Misali 1
Tsarin maganin zafi na kusoshi ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
S1. Dephosphorization;
Maganin tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa ta hanyar taro: 20 sassa na butyl acetate, 10 sassa na polyglycolic acid, 16 sassa na aminoacetic acid, 13 sassa na ethyl acrylate, 5 sassa na oleic acid triethanolamine gishiri, 3 sassa na ethanolamine, da kuma 18 sassa na ruwa; Ana amfani da tanki na dephosphorization tare da maganin dephosphorization, wanda ke amfani da maganin potassium hydroxide tare da ƙaddamar da 2.2g / l;
S2. Kafin jiyya: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya kafin a yi zafi kuma a ci gaba da saka iskar nitrogen mai zafi a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya. Bayan preheating na tsawon sa'o'i 2.5, fitar da shi kuma sanya shi a cikin tanderun lantarki don maganin carburization;
S3. Quenching: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun wuta kuma a ci gaba da saka iskar nitrogen cikin tanderun da ke kashewa. Matsakaicin iskar iskar nitrogen shine 4l/h, sannan bayan allurar iskar nitrogen na tsawon mintuna 30, sannu a hankali a kara yawan zafin wutar tanderun zuwa 460 ℃, tare da dumama kudi na 30 ℃/min, sannan a kula da shi na mintuna 15 kafin a ci gaba da matakin farko na kashe magani; A hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na murhu zuwa 550 ℃, tare da dumama kudi na 50 ℃ / min, da kuma kula da shi na minti 20 kafin a ci gaba da mataki na biyu na quenching jiyya; Sannu a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na murhu zuwa 750 ℃, tare da dumama kudi na 70 ℃ / min, da kuma kula da shi na minti 30 kafin a ci gaba da mataki na uku na quenching magani;
S4. Sanyaya mai: Cire samfurin da aka kashe a sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na farko na quenching don sanyaya mai. Zazzabi na man da ke kashewa shine 250 ℃, kuma yana motsawa kowane minti 15 na minti 20; Bayan cirewa, sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na biyu don sanyaya mai, tare da zafin mai mai kashewa a 50 ℃ kuma motsa kowane minti 15 har sai samfurin ya faɗi zuwa 100 ℃;
S5. Cire mai: Cire samfurin da aka sanyaya kuma bar shi ya tsaya na minti 35. Kashe man da ke kashewa a saman samfurin tare da iska mai sanyi a zazzabi na 30 ℃ da saurin iska na 20m/s;
S6. Tempering: Sanya samfurin da aka rage a cikin tanderun zafin jiki don maganin zafin jiki, daidaita zafin jiki zuwa 110 ℃, da lokacin zafi zuwa 1.5 hours. Yi matakin farko na maganin zafin jiki; Ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 370 ℃, fushi don 3 hours, kuma ci gaba da mataki na biyu na maganin zafin jiki; Bayan maganin zafin jiki, iska ta kwantar da samfurin zuwa zafin jiki.
Babban zafin jiki na nitrogen da aka gabatar a cikin tanderun preheating a mataki na s2 na wannan tsarin shine iskar nitrogen daga tanderun da ke kashewa a mataki s3, kuma yawan kwararar iskar iskar nitrogen mai zafi shine 2.5l/h.
Misali 2
Matakan tsari a cikin wannan tsari iri ɗaya ne da waɗanda ke cikin Misali na 1, ban da takamaiman yanayin tsari, waɗanda suka haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
S1. Dephosphorization: sanya samfurin a cikin injin tsaftacewa kuma a zuba a cikin maganin tsaftacewa har sai samfurin ya nutsar da shi gaba daya a cikin maganin tsaftacewa. Daidaita yawan zafin jiki na tsaftacewa zuwa 50 ℃ kuma motsa shi kowane minti 15. Bayan tsaftacewa na 3h, fitar da samfurin kuma sanya shi a cikin tanki na dephosphorization don maganin dephosphorization;
Maganin tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa ta hanyar taro: 36 sassa na butyl acetate, 13 sassa na polyglycolic acid, 20 sassa na aminoacetic acid, 22 sassa na ethyl acrylate, 9 sassa na oleic acid triethanolamine gishiri, 16 sassa na ethanolamine, da kuma 26 sassa na ruwa; Ana amfani da tanki na dephosphorization tare da maganin dephosphorization, wanda aka zaba a matsayin bayani na potassium hydroxide tare da ƙaddamar da 6.5g / l ko sodium hydroxide bayani tare da 6.9g / l;
S2. Kafin jiyya: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya kafin a yi zafi kuma a ci gaba da saka iskar nitrogen mai zafi a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya. Bayan preheating na tsawon sa'o'i 3, fitar da shi kuma sanya shi a cikin tanderun lantarki don maganin carburization;
S3. Quenching: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun wuta kuma a ci gaba da saka iskar nitrogen cikin tanderun da ke kashewa. Matsakaicin iskar iskar nitrogen 5l/h ne, sannan bayan allurar iskar nitrogen na tsawon mintuna 40, sannu a hankali ta kara yawan zafin wutar tanderu zuwa 500 ℃, tare da dumama kudi na 40 ℃/min, sannan a kula da shi na tsawon mintuna 20 kafin a ci gaba da matakin farko na quenching magani; Sannu a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na murhu zuwa 700 ℃, tare da dumama kudi na 60 ℃ / min, da kuma rike na 35 minutes kafin a ci gaba da mataki na biyu na quenching jiyya; Sannu a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na tanderun wuta zuwa 850 ℃, tare da ƙimar dumama na 90 ℃ / min, kuma riƙe tsawon mintuna 45 kafin a ci gaba da mataki na uku na quenching magani;
S4. Sanyaya mai: Cire samfurin da aka kashe a sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na farko na quenching don sanyaya mai. Zazzabi na man da ke kashewa shine 300 ℃, kuma yana motsawa kowane minti 15 na minti 30; Bayan cirewa, sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na biyu don sanyaya mai, tare da zafin mai mai kashewa a 70 ℃ kuma motsa kowane minti 15 har sai samfurin ya faɗi zuwa 100 ℃;
S5. Cire mai: Cire samfurin da aka sanyaya kuma bar shi ya tsaya na minti 45. Kashe man da ke kashewa a saman samfurin tare da iska mai sanyi a zazzabi na 35 ℃ da saurin iska na 25m/s;
S6. Tempering: Sanya samfurin da aka rage a cikin tanderun zafin jiki don maganin zafin jiki, daidaita zafin jiki zuwa 180 ℃, da lokacin zafi zuwa 3 hours. Yi matakin farko na maganin zafin jiki; Ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 410 ℃, fushi don 6 hours, kuma ci gaba da mataki na biyu na maganin zafin jiki; Bayan maganin zafin jiki, iska ta kwantar da samfurin zuwa zafin jiki.
Babban zafin jiki na nitrogen da aka gabatar a cikin tanderun preheating a mataki na s2 na wannan tsarin shine iskar nitrogen daga tanderun da ke kashewa a mataki s3, tare da yawan kwararar 3.5l/h don iskar nitrogen mai zafi.
Misali 3
Matakan tsari a cikin wannan tsari iri ɗaya ne da waɗanda ke cikin Misali na 1, ban da takamaiman yanayin tsari, waɗanda suka haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
S1. Dephosphorization;
Maganin tsaftacewa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa ta hanyar taro: 28 sassa na butyl acetate, 12 sassa na polyglycolic acid, 18 sassa na aminoacetic acid, 18 sassa na ethyl acrylate, 7 sassa na oleic acid triethanolamine gishiri, 10 sassa na ethanolamine, da kuma 22 sassa na ruwa; Ana amfani da tanki na dephosphorization tare da maganin dephosphorization, wanda aka zaba a matsayin maganin sodium hydroxide tare da maida hankali na 4.5g / l;
S2. Kafin jiyya: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya kafin a yi zafi kuma a ci gaba da saka iskar nitrogen mai zafi a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya. Bayan preheating na tsawon sa'o'i 2.7, cire shi kuma sanya shi a cikin tanderun lantarki don maganin carburization;
S3. Quenching: Sanya samfurin a cikin tanderun wuta kuma a ci gaba da saka iskar nitrogen cikin tanderun da ke kashewa. Matsakaicin iskar iskar nitrogen shine 4.5l/h, kuma bayan allurar iskar nitrogen na mintuna 35, sannu a hankali ƙara zafin wutar tanderu zuwa 480 ℃, tare da ƙimar dumama na 35 ℃ / min, sannan a kula da shi na mintuna 18 kafin a ci gaba da matakin farko na quenching magani; Sannu a hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na murhu zuwa 575 ℃, tare da dumama kudi na 55 ℃ / min, da kuma kula da shi na 27 minutes kafin a ci gaba da mataki na biyu na quenching jiyya; A hankali ƙara yawan zafin jiki na murhu zuwa 800 ℃, tare da dumama kudi na 80 ℃ / min, da kuma kula da shi na 38 minutes kafin a ci gaba da mataki na uku na quenching jiyya;
S4. Sanyaya mai: Cire samfurin da aka kashe a sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na farko na quenching don sanyaya mai. Zazzabi na man da ke kashewa shine 275 ℃, kuma yana motsawa kowane minti 15 na minti 25; Bayan cirewa, sanya shi a cikin tankin mai na biyu don sanyaya mai, tare da zafin mai mai kashewa a 60 ℃ kuma motsa kowane minti 15 har sai samfurin ya faɗi zuwa 100 ℃;
S5. Cire mai: Cire samfurin da aka sanyaya kuma bar shi ya tsaya na minti 40. Kashe man da ke kashewa a saman samfurin ta iska mai sanyi, tare da zafin jiki na 33 ℃ da saurin iska na 22m/s;
S6. Tempering: Saka degreased samfurin a cikin wani tempering tanderun for tempering jiyya, daidaita zafin jiki na tempering zuwa 145 ℃, da tempering lokaci zuwa 2.2 hours. Yi matakin farko na maganin zafin jiki; Ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 390 ℃, fushi don 4.5 hours, kuma ci gaba da mataki na biyu na maganin zafin jiki; Bayan maganin zafin jiki, iska ta kwantar da samfurin zuwa zafin jiki.
Babban zafin jiki na nitrogen da aka gabatar a cikin tanderun preheating a mataki na s2 na wannan siffa shine nitrogen a cikin tanderun da ke kashewa a mataki s3, tare da saurin gudu na 3l/h.
Gwajin aikin injina
Dangane da sakamakon gwajin, ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin ƙarfin kusoshi da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar tsarin kula da zafi na yanzu yana sama da 10.5, wanda ya dace da buƙatun inganci.
Tsarin kula da zafi na kusoshi na ƙirƙira na yanzu yana da sauƙi, mai sauƙi don aiki, kuma yana da sakamako mai kyau na quenching. Ta hanyar preheating samfurin, za a iya bushe bayani mai tsaftacewa a samansa, kuma yawan zafin jiki na zazzaɓi a cikin tanderun wuta zai iya guje wa rinjayar ingancin samfurin; Babban zafin jiki na nitrogen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya ya fito ne daga tanderun wuta, yana kawar da na'urar dumama a cikin tanderun da aka rigaya, wanda zai iya adana makamashi da kuma rage farashin samarwa; Injecting nitrogen a cikin preheating da quenching tanderu na iya cire iska a ciki, guje wa halayen iskar shaka tsakanin oxygen da samfurin, don haka guje wa decarburization da haifar da gazawar na'urorin da aka haɗa, da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfurin; Jiyya na kashe dumama mataki na iya inganta tasirin quenching na samfurin kuma inganta ingancinsa; Maganin sanyaya mai da aka tsara zai iya sanyaya samfuran zafin jiki yadda ya kamata ba tare da lalata ingancinsu ba.
A cikin bayanin wannan ƙayyadaddun, ambaton sharuɗɗan kamar su “siffa ɗaya”, “wasu embodiments”, “misalai”, “takamaiman misalan”, ko “wasu misalan” yana nufin cewa takamaiman fasali, sifofi, kayan aiki, ko fasalulluka da aka bayyana tare da siffa ko misali an haɗa su cikin aƙalla siffa ɗaya ko misalin abin da aka ƙirƙira. A cikin wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, maganganun ƙirƙira na waɗannan sharuɗɗan da ke sama ba lallai ba ne suna nufin abubuwa iri ɗaya ko misalai. Bugu da ƙari, ƙayyadaddun siffofi, sifofi, kayan aiki, ko sifofin da aka kwatanta za a iya haɗa su ta hanyar da ta dace ta kowane ɗaya ko fiye da samfuri ko misalai.
Abin da ke sama yana nuna kuma yana bayyana ƙa'idodi na asali, manyan fasali, da fa'idodin ƙirƙira na yanzu. Masu fasaha a cikin wannan masana'antar ya kamata su fahimci cewa abubuwan da ke sama ba su ta kowace hanya iyakance ƙirƙira na yanzu, kuma duk wata hanyar fasaha da aka samu ta hanyar maye gurbin daidai ko daidaitaccen canji ta faɗi cikin iyakokin kariyar ƙirƙira ta yanzu.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-04-2023