‌ Ƙananan sukurori babban hoto: Yanke ainihin fasaha a cikin tsarin samar da maɗauri na zamani

A cikin sararin taurari na masana'antu masana'antu,fastenerskamar taurari ne da ba a iya gani ba, amma su ne "kwarangwal marar ganuwa" da ke goyon bayan wayewar zamani.Daga tsarin ƙarfe na skyscrapers zuwa daidaitaccen taron motocin dogo masu sauri, daga na'urorin gida zuwa na'urorin sararin samaniya, a bayan kowane dunƙule da na goro, akwai ƙwaƙƙwaran hikima a cikin kimiyyar kayan aiki da tsarin masana'antu.A yau, bari mu shiga cikin samar da bitar na fasteners da kuma bayyana core fasaha mayafin na "kananan sassa da kuma manyan masana'antu".

1. Cold heading forming: the "Shirping Magic" na karfe ‌

A cikin tsari na farko na samar da fastener, injin ya yi ruri, jujjuyawar ƙarfe na zagaye yana fuskantar metamorphosis.Ƙarƙashin matsanancin saurin na'ura mai sanyi, wayar ƙarfe tana ci gaba da matsewa da gurɓata ta hanyar ƙirar tashoshi da yawa, kuma ana "canzawa" daga madaidaiciyar waya zuwa kan kullin da samfurin zaren a cikin 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan.Wannan tsari na "lalacewar filastik mai sanyi" ba kawai yana ƙara yawan amfani da kayan aiki zuwa fiye da 98% ba, har ma yana inganta ƙarfin samfurin da kashi 20% idan aka kwatanta da tsarin yankan gargajiya ta hanyar ingantaccen jagora na layin kwararar hatsi.

Ɗaukar kusoshi na mota a matsayin misali, gyare-gyare na hexagonal na shugaban yana buƙatar yin aikin ƙirƙira daidaitaccen tashar 3-4, kuma ana buƙatar sarrafa tazarar ƙirar a cikin 0.02mm, wanda yayi daidai da 1/4 na diamita na gashi.Babban CNC sanyi mai ci gaba yana sanye da na'urori masu auna firikwensin matsa lamba da tsarin ma'aunin zafin jiki na infrared don saka idanu kan canjin matsa lamba da hauhawar zafin jiki yayin aiwatar da gyare-gyaren a cikin ainihin lokacin don guje wa abubuwan injiniyoyi na kayan saboda yawan zafi.Wannan "madaidaicin gwagwarmaya" shine tushe na fasaha na masu ɗaure na zamani tare da madaidaicin madaidaici da tsayin daka.

2. Maganin zafi: ba da ƙarfe "ruwar ƙarfe" ‌

Wurin madaidaicin da aka kafa ta hanyar sanyi yana gab da shigar da maɓalli na canji - maganin zafi.A cikin tanderun yanayi mai sarrafawa na dijital, sassan suna da zafi a ƙarƙashin kariya ta nitrogen da iskar gas na hydrogen a 780-850 ℃: na farko quenching don samun tsarin martensitic don taurare, sannan kuma zafin jiki don kawar da damuwa na ciki da haɓaka tauri.Wannan zafi-zafi quenching ya sa taurin talakawa carbon karfe tsalle daga HRC20 zuwa HRC32-39, da tensile ƙarfi karya ta 1000MPa alama.

Shugabannin masana'antu sun gabatar da tsarin kula da zafi mai hankali don gina samfurin filin zafin jiki mai girman uku a cikin tanderu ta hanyar matrix thermocouple da infrared thermal imager, da sarrafa daidaiton zafin wutar tanderun a cikin ± 5 ° C.Ingantacciyar fasahar injin nitriding ion nitriding na iya samar da wani babban nitriding Layer na 20μm akan saman daskarewa, ta yadda gishirin fesa juriya na lalata wutar lantarki na bakin teku ya wuce sa'o'i 5000, yana ba da kariya ga matsanancin aikace-aikacen yanayi.

3. Zare machining: daidaitaccen juyin juya hali a cikin kananan yara

Zaren a matsayin "layin rayuwa" nafasteners, daidaitonsa kai tsaye yana ƙayyade amincin haɗin gwiwa.A cikin jujjuyawar na'ura mai jujjuyawar waya mai saurin gudu, bututun da ba komai da madaidaicin zaren ya mutu suna da rikici mai ƙarfi, kuma kwararar filastik yana faruwa akan saman ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki na 600 ℃ nan take, kuma a ƙarshe an kafa siffar haƙoran zaren tare da fayyace bayyananne.Sabbin ƙarni na na'ura mai jujjuya waya ta CNC ana sarrafa ta ta motar servo, kuma ana sarrafa kuskuren farar a 0.01mm, yana kaiwa daidaitaccen daidaitaccen DIN13 na 6g.

Don masu haɗin gwal na aluminum don sababbin motocin makamashi, kamfanin ya ƙirƙira da haɓaka zaren samar da fasaha mai laushi: ana allura mai nano-graphene a cikin yankin sarrafawa, yana rage ƙimar juzu'i ta 40% da guje wa burrs a cikin sarrafa kayan nauyi.Wannan "kullin matakin micron" yana ba kowane zaren damar cimma haɗin kai na siliki, kuma rarrabuwar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa da 0.05.

4. Gama: Saka sulke na fasaha

Lokacin da jikin karfe yana da siffa, tsarin jiyya na saman yana rufe shi da "masanin yaƙi" masu aiki da yawa.The muhalli-friendly Dacromet shafi line gudanar a cikin tsari hanya, da tutiya da aluminum flake foda ne uniformly haɗe a cikin centrifugal atomization, da kuma hada shafi na 8-12μm aka kafa bayan sintering da curing a 300 ℃.Wannan “maganin ƙarfe” ba wai kawai yana jure wa feshin gishiri na tsawon sa’o’i 1,000 ba, amma kuma ba shi da sifofin ƙulla hydrogen, kuma ya zama maƙasudin kariya ga kusoshi na chassis na mota.

A cikin samar da layin bakin karfe don tashoshin tushe na 5G, ana aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin ƙarfafa sararin samaniya: 2μm titanium nitride shafi an ajiye shi a saman ta hanyar fasahar sputtering magnetron, taurin Vickers ya hau zuwa HV2300, ƙimar juzu'i ya faɗi zuwa 0.15, kuma daidaitaccen daidaituwar wutar lantarki da juriya.Waɗannan kariyar nanoscale marasa ganuwa suna sake fasalin iyakoki na kayan aiki.

5. Binciken inganci na hankali: "kulle dijital" akan inganci

A cikin bitar dubawa ta hankali, kowane mai ɗaurawa dole ne ya ci jarrabawar "mai duba dijital".Wani bincike na CMM yana duba diamita na zaren tare da maimaita daidaito na 5μm, tsarin hangen nesa na injin yana ɗaukar lahani a cikin firam 200 a sakan daya, kuma mai gano lahani na ultrasonic yana duba ta cikin tsagewar ciki kamar "likitan karfe."Babban dandamalin bayanai yana tattara bayanan ganowa a cikin ainihin lokaci, kuma ƙimar CPK na tsari yana daidaita sama da 1.67 ta hanyar sarrafa tsarin ƙididdiga na SPC.

Ma'aikatar fastener ta sararin samaniya ta ma kafa cikakken tsarin gano yanayin zagayowar rayuwa: Laser yana nuna lamba mai girma biyu a kan maƙarƙashiya don yin rikodin batches na kayan aiki, sigogin tsari da rahotannin dubawa.Lokacin da aka shigar da dunƙule a kan tauraron dan adam, ana iya samun cikakkiyar "kwayoyin halittar dijital" ta hanyar dubawa, yana ba da kyakkyawar amincewa ga kayan aiki masu mahimmanci.

6. A nan gaba: Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ‌

Tsaye a bakin kofa na masana'antu 4.0, samar da kayan aiki yana fuskantar manyan canje-canje.A cikin "bitar haske baƙar fata" na masana'antar ma'auni a lardin Hebei, motar AGV tana sarrafa kayan ta atomatik, hannun mutum-mutumi ya kama kayan aiki daidai, kuma hanyar sadarwar 5G ta haɗu da kayan aiki, yana haɓaka haɓakar samarwa da kashi 30% tare da rage yawan kuzari da kashi 25%.A cikin wata masana'anta kore a cikin kogin Yangtze Delta, an maye gurbin tsarin tattara fosphating ta hanyar tsaftacewa ta Laser, rage fitar da ruwa da tan 5,000 a kowace shekara, kuma yawan sake amfani da sharar ya kai kashi 99.3%.

Daga aikace-aikacen da aka yi amfani da su na kayan aiki mai ƙarfi na titanium mai ƙarfi a kan babban jirgin sama na C919 zuwa gwajin filin gwaji na ƙazantattun kayan aikin gona na magnesium gami, karo na sabbin kayan aiki da sabbin matakai suna buɗe sabon tunani.Wadannan sassa na karafa, wadanda ke da diamita na 'yan santimita kadan, suna daure kowane mataki na sauye-sauyen dan Adam zuwa manyan masana'antu da karfin kimiyya da fasaha.

Ƙarshe

Daga wani billet zuwa daidaitattun sassan masana'antu, tafiyar samarwa nafastenersya bayyana zurfin haɗin kai na "hazaka" da "hankali".A cikin sauye-sauyen masana'antu da haɓakawa, wannan fasaha ta gargajiya tana haɓakawa, tana tallafawa tekun taurarin masana'antar Sinawa tare da bin matakan milimita.Lokaci na gaba da ka ƙara dunƙule dunƙule, ƙila za ka ji nawa ƙirar fasaha ke ɗauka ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙarfe tsakanin waɗannan inci murabba'in.