Zaɓin zaɓi na kayan aiki da tsarin maganin zafi na ƙusoshin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi an yi nazari sosai

1. Zaɓin kayan abu: daidaitawa biyu na aiki da yanayin

Jigon nababban ƙarfin kusoshiaikin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin haɗin gwiwar haɓaka zaɓin kayan abu da tsarin kula da zafi.Wadannan su ne manyan hanyoyin zaɓin kayan abu da wuraren fasaha na masana'antu:

1. Medium carbon alloy karfe: na farko zabi ga high ƙarfi

o Matsayi na al'ada: 42CrMo, 35CrMoA, 40Cr da sauran kayan da ke da ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, sun zama zaɓi na 10.9 da 12.9 bolts, musamman dacewa da ikon iska, ikon nukiliya da sauran yanayin nauyi mai nauyi.

o Hardenability bukatun: Kayan ya kamata ya tabbatar da cewa fiye da 90% na sashin da aka kashe shine tsarin martensitic, don kauce wa tsarin da ba na martensitic a cikin zuciya wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙarfi.Alal misali, M48-M64 kusoshi Ya sanya daga 42CrMoA karfe iya saduwa da 10.9 yi index ta quenching a 840-860 ℃ da tempering a 540 ℃.

2. Low carbon gami karfe: duka ƙarfi da juriya ga jinkirta karaya

o 20mntib, 35vb, da sauransu sun dace da abun ciki na 10.9 a ƙasa da girman girman ƙarfin da ke ƙasa na iya rage haɗarin haƙurin da aka jinkirta.

3. Bakin karfe: Magani don yanayi na musamman

o Austenitic bakin karfe (kamar 304, 316) tare da juriya na lalata, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin injiniyan ruwa da kayan aikin sinadarai;Martensitic bakin karfe (kamar 410) yana da zafi don cimma buƙatun ƙarfin ƙarfi.

4. Kula da ƙungiyar kayan abu

o spherodizing annealing pretreatment: matsakaici carbon karfe bukatar ya zama isothermal annealing a 700 ℃ don maida flake pearlite a cikin wani ball, inganta sanyi heading plasticity (nakasawa kudi har zuwa 60% -80%), da kuma kauce wa sanyi kan fatattaka.

2. Tsarin maganin zafi: daidaitaccen ma'auni na ƙarfi da ƙarfi

Maganin zafi shine ainihin hanyar haɗi don ƙayyade aikinkusoshi, kuma yana da mahimmanci don cimma cikakkiyar haɓakar kayan aikin injiniya ta hanyar "quenching + tempering" tsarin zafin jiki.

1. Spheroidizing annealing tsari

o Siffofin aiwatarwa: matsakaicin ƙarfe na carbon yana sanyaya sannu a hankali bayan dumama kusa da mahimmanci (700 ℃);Medium carbon gami karfe isothermal spheroidization annealing (AC1 + 20-30 ℃ dumama, 700 ℃ isothermal) don tabbatar da uniformity na tsarin.

2. Quenching tsari ingantawa

o Zazzabi iko: The quenching zafin jiki kewayon matsakaici carbon gami karfe ne 840-870 ℃, kamar 42CrMoA karfe amfani da 850-870 ℃ dumama iya tace hatsi da kuma inganta zurfin quenching Layer.

o sanyaya matsakaici zabi: man quenching (L-AN10 ~ L-AN32) shi ne babban bayani, la'akari da sanyaya gudun da nakasawa kula;An kashe manya-manyan kusoshi (kamar M30 da sama) tare da maganin ruwa na PAG don gujewa kashe fasa.

3. Tempering tsari bidi'a

o Zazzabi matching: tempering zafin jiki na 42CrMo karfe ya kamata a sarrafa a 500-540 ℃, wanda ba zai iya kawai kawar da quenching danniya, amma kuma kula da ma'auni tsakanin tensile ƙarfi (≥950MPa) da sashe shrinkage (≥44%).

o rigakafi da sarrafawa ga brittleness: Domin 12.9 aji bolts, ruwa sanyaya ko mai sanyaya ana amfani da sauri wuce 370-560 ℃ tempering gaggautsa zone don tabbatar da cewa tasiri taurin ya hadu da misali.

4. Gwaji da kula da inganci

Maɓalli masu mahimmanci: taurin (32-38HRC), ƙarfin ƙarfi (≥1040MPa), haɓakawa bayan karaya (≥8%) da tsarin metallographic (sorbite + trace ferrite) yana buƙatar gwadawa sosai.

o Defect kaucewa: kawar da phosphorus polarization Layer (sanyi da gaggautsa tushen) da kuma decarburization Layer (babban dalilin rashin taurin), da kuma cimma surface "sifili hadawan abu da iskar shaka" ta ci gaba da raga bel tanderu kariya yanayi iko.

3. maki zafi na masana'antu da ci gaba na yanki

1. Ƙullancin fasaha

o 12.9 class kusoshi dogara a kan shigo da: saboda rashin isasshen kayan tsarki (babban P, S abun ciki) da kuma m tempering tsari, cikin gida kayayyakin da rata a tasiri taurin da jinkirta karaya juriya idan aka kwatanta da shigo da kayayyakin.

2. Ci gaban yanki

o Large dalla-dalla aron kusa nasara: By optimizing da quenching zafin jiki (850-870 ℃) da tempering sigogi (500 ℃ × 180min) na 35CrMoA karfe, Enterprises irin su Shuihui Jiangtianbao Industrial gane taro samar da M30-M36 takamaiman 10.9 bolts

o Haɓaka tsari: Gabatar da yanayi mai sarrafawa ci gaba da layin kula da zafi, daidaita daidai zurfin layin decarburization (≤0.02mm), da haɓaka daidaiton samfur.

4. Trend na gaba: mai hankali da babban aiki mai taya biyu

Tare da haɓaka buƙatun aikin bolt a fagen sabbin kayan aikin makamashi da sararin samaniya, masana'antar tana haɓaka haɓakar ta ta hanyoyi biyu:

• Tsara hankali: tsarin sa ido na ainihi na sigogin maganin zafi dangane da Intanet na Abubuwa don cimma daidaitaccen iko na kewayon jujjuya taurin ≤2HRC;

• Babban kayan aiki: Ƙaddamar da ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (irin su 40CrNiMoA), aikin tasiri na manufa ≥60J (-40 ℃), don inganta cikakken ƙaddamarwa na 12.9 bolts.

Kammalawa

Zaɓin kayan abu da maganin zafi namaƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfiita ce "fasaha na zakara na boye" a fagen samar da daidaiton masana'antu, wanda ke buƙatar ƙirar kimiyya da tsayayyen tsari, amma kuma ya dogara da haɓakar haɗin gwiwa na dukkan sassan kayan, kayan aiki da gwaji.Tare da ci gaba da samun ci gaba na masana'antun cikin gida a cikin ainihin tsari, "masu ƙarfi mai ƙarfi" da aka yi a kasar Sin suna motsawa daga "mai amfani" zuwa "mai sauƙi don amfani" da "dorewa", suna ba da garanti mai ƙarfi ga 'yancin cin gashin kansa na kayan aiki masu daraja.